The influence of concentration, vial size and fill depth on product resistance of sucrose solutions during freeze drying. The objective of this study was to characterize product resistance as a function of dry layer thickness for various sucrose solutions using the SMART® Freeze Dryer technology.

Published in the Pharmaceutical Online Interphex Edition, March, 2008.

The importance of assessing the critical collapse temperature of a formulation in order to develop an optimized freeze-drying process.

SP Industries in-house presentation, March, 2008.

A new technology enables users to optimise lyophilisation cycles and ensure the smooth transfer from laboratory- to production-scale.

Published in Innovations in Pharmaceutical Technology, Autumn, 2007.

This paper discusses 1) the dependency of a collapse temperature on solid content, 2) the transferability of collapse temperatures to freeze drying processes, and 3) the relationship between the onset of collapse as detected by microscopy and actual formulation behavior in a vial during freeze drying.

Presented at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting, Fall, 2006.

Describes the evolution of SMART freeze dryer technology, the processes utilitzed, and the application of SMART to the development of optimized freeze drying cycles.

Presented by the Center for Pharmaceutical Process Research in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, October, 2006.

SMART� Freeze Dryer Technology: Impact Of Water Re-Adsorption Of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) On Manometric Temperature Measurements (MTM) During Primary Drying Freeze Drying

Presented at the 5th World Meeting on Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, and Pharmaceutical Technology, March, 2006.

The applicability of Manometric Temperature Measurement (MTM) and SMART Freeze Dryer Technology to the development of an optimized freeze drying cycle. A preliminary investigation of two amorphous systems.

Presented by the Center for Pharmaceutical Process Research at the 1st European Congress on Life Science Process Technology, October, 2006.